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The Distance Education Learning Environments Survey (DELES) is a psychosocial learning environment survey designed specifically to measure college and university distance education learning environments. The DELES was developed in 2003. The DELES was designed to measure students' perceptions of their distance education social environment through six scales: # Instructor Support (Scale I, consisting of 8 items), (e.g. The instructor responds promptly to my questions). # Student Interaction and Collaboration (Scale II, consisting of 6 items), (e.g. I collaborate with other students in the class). # Personal Relevance (Scale III, consisting of 7 items), (e.g. I can relate what I learn to my life outside of university). # Authentic Learning (Scale IV, consisting of 5 items), (e.g. I work on assignments that deal with real-world information). # Active Learning (Scale V, consisting of 3 items), (e.g. I explore my own strategies for learning). # Student Autonomy (Scale VI, consisting of 5 items), (e.g. I play an important role in my learning. An additional eight-item scale of student affect (psychology), designated the Enjoyment scale, was included in the original DELES. An example item in this seventh scale reads, "I enjoy studying by distance education." The 42 DELES items have response value options of: ''Never, Seldom, Sometimes, Often'', and ''Always''. The DELES focuses on students' perceptions of the learning environment to the exclusion of technical factors such as Internet connectivity or learning platform as found in other distance education learning environment instruments. ==Applications of the DELES== The DELES has been utilized in the United States to compare social work students' perceptions of their learning environments in a face-to-face class, a blended learning (hybrid) class, and an asynchronous learning distance education version of the same class. It has also been translated into Chinese and used to identify motivation of Taiwanese adult distance education learners. The DELES has been translated into Arabic and used to determine undergraduate students' perceptions of blended learning in the Arab Open University-Bahrain Branch. The DELES has also been translated into Turkish and used to study Turkish online learning environments—this version is referred to as the Turkish DELES (TR-DELES).〔 And, a Spanish version, referred to as the Spanish DELES (Sp-DELES) has been validated and utilized with Spanish students. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Distance Education Learning Environments Survey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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